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    <h1 id="spring简介"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#spring简介">#</a> Spring 简介</h1>
<p>Spring 是一个轻量级 Java 开发框架，最早有 Rod Johnson 创建，目的是为了解决企业级应用开发的业务逻辑层和其他各层的耦合问题。它是一个分层的 JavaSE/JavaEE full-stack（一站式）轻量级开源框架，为开发 Java 应用程序提供全面的基础架构支持。Spring 负责基础架构，因此 Java 开发者可以专注于应用程序的开发。</p>
<p>Spring 最根本的使命是解决企业级应用开发的复杂性，即简化 Java 开发。</p>
<p>Spring 可以做很多事情，它为企业级开发提供了丰富的功能，但是这些功能的底层都依赖于它的两个核心特性，也就是依赖注入（dependency injection，DI）和面向切面编程（aspect-oriented programming，AOP）。</p>
<p>为了降低 Java 开发的复杂性，Spring 采取了以下 4 种关键策略：</p>
<ol>
<li>基于 POJO 的轻量级和最小侵入性编程；</li>
<li>通过依赖注入和面向接口实现松耦合；</li>
<li>基于切面和惯例进行声明式编程；</li>
<li>通过切面和模板减少样板式代码。</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="spring框架核心"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#spring框架核心">#</a> Spring 框架核心</h1>
<p>Spring 设计目标：Spring 为开发者提供一个一站式轻量级应用开发平台；</p>
<p>Spring 设计理念：在 JavaEE 开发中，支持 POJO 和 JavaBean 开发方式，使应用面向接口开发，充分支持 OO（面向对象）设计方法；Spring 通过 IoC 容器实现对象耦合关系的管理，并实现依赖反转，将对象之间的依赖关系交给 IoC 容器，实现解耦；</p>
<p>Spring 框架的核心：IoC 容器和 AOP 模块。通过 IoC 容器管理 POJO 对象以及他们之间的耦合关系；通过 AOP 以动态非侵入的方式增强服务。</p>
<h1 id="spring的优缺点"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#spring的优缺点">#</a> Spring 的优缺点</h1>
<h2 id="优点"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#优点">#</a> 优点</h2>
<h3 id="方便解耦简化开发"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#方便解耦简化开发">#</a> 方便解耦，简化开发</h3>
<p>Spring 就是一个大工厂，可以将所有对象的创建和依赖关系的维护，交给 Spring 管理。</p>
<h3 id="aop编程的支持"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#aop编程的支持">#</a> AOP 编程的支持</h3>
<p>Spring 提供面向切面编程，可以方便的实现对程序进行权限拦截、运行监控等功能。</p>
<h3 id="声明式事务的支持"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#声明式事务的支持">#</a> 声明式事务的支持</h3>
<p>只需要通过配置就可以完成对事务的管理，而无需手动编程。</p>
<h3 id="方便程序的测试"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#方便程序的测试">#</a> 方便程序的测试</h3>
<p>Spring 对 Junit4 支持，可以通过注解方便的测试 Spring 程序。</p>
<h3 id="方便集成各种优秀框架"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#方便集成各种优秀框架">#</a> 方便集成各种优秀框架</h3>
<p>Spring 不排斥各种优秀的开源框架，其内部提供了对各种优秀框架的直接支持（如：Struts、Hibernate、MyBatis 等）。</p>
<h3 id="降低javaee-api的使用难度"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#降低javaee-api的使用难度">#</a> 降低 JavaEE API 的使用难度</h3>
<p>Spring 对 JavaEE 开发中非常难用的一些 API（JDBC、JavaMail、远程调用等），都提供了封装，使这些 API 应用难度大大降低。</p>
<h2 id="缺点"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#缺点">#</a> 缺点</h2>
<p>Spring 明明一个很轻量级的框架，却给人感觉大而全<br>
 Spring 依赖反射，反射影响性能<br>
使用门槛升高，入门 Spring 需要较长时间<br>
 Spring 的应用场景<br>
应用场景：JavaEE 企业应用开发，包括 SSH、SSM 等</p>
<h2 id="spring价值"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#spring价值">#</a> Spring 价值</h2>
<p>Spring 是非侵入式的框架，目标是使应用程序代码对框架依赖最小化；<br>
Spring 提供一个一致的编程模型，使应用直接使用 POJO 开发，与运行环境隔离开来；<br>
Spring 推动应用设计风格向面向对象和面向接口开发转变，提高了代码的重用性和可测试性；</p>
<p><span class="exturl" data-url="aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ0OTMyODM1L2FydGljbGUvZGV0YWlscy8xMDk2OTQxOTY=">Springboot 介绍</span></p>

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          <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#spring%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> Spring 简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#spring%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> Spring 框架核心</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#spring%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> Spring 的优缺点</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BC%98%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 优点</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E8%A7%A3%E8%80%A6%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91"><span class="toc-number">3.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 方便解耦，简化开发</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#aop%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81"><span class="toc-number">3.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> AOP 编程的支持</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81"><span class="toc-number">3.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 声明式事务的支持</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95"><span class="toc-number">3.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 方便程序的测试</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E4%BC%98%E7%A7%80%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6"><span class="toc-number">3.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 方便集成各种优秀框架</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8Ejavaee-api%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6"><span class="toc-number">3.1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 降低 JavaEE API 的使用难度</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BC%BA%E7%82%B9"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> 缺点</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#spring%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> Spring 价值</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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